MEXICO CITY - In a historic move, Mexico has elected its first Indigenous Supreme Court justice in nearly 170 years. Hugo Aguilar, a 52-year-old lawyer from the Mixtec people of Oaxaca state, secured his position following the country's first-ever judicial elections held on June 2, 2025 [1][2][3].

Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum confirmed Aguilar's groundbreaking appointment, drawing parallels to Benito Juárez, the last Indigenous justice to lead the high court from 1857 to 1858 [1][2][3][4]. Aguilar's election has ignited both hope and skepticism among Mexico's 23 million Indigenous people, who have long been marginalized in the country's social and political landscape [2][3].

During his campaign, Aguilar emphasized the importance of Indigenous representation in Mexico's highest levels of government. 'It's our turn as Indigenous people … to make decisions in this country,' he stated [1][2][3][4]. This message resonated with many who see his appointment as a step towards greater inclusivity in the nation's judicial system.

However, Aguilar's election has not been without controversy. Critics have raised concerns about his past and question whether he will genuinely represent Indigenous interests or align with other political forces [2][3]. The specifics of these criticisms were not detailed in the provided sources.

The election marks a significant shift in Mexico's judicial selection process, being the first time Supreme Court justices were chosen through a public vote rather than appointment [1][3]. This change in procedure adds another layer of historical significance to Aguilar's election.

As Aguilar prepares to take his seat on the Supreme Court, many will be watching closely to see how his presence impacts the representation of Indigenous issues and perspectives in Mexico's highest judicial body. His tenure could potentially influence the court's approach to cases involving Indigenous rights, lands, and cultural preservation.