In an unprecedented display of public dissent, thousands of Palestinians in the Gaza Strip staged anti-war protests last week, directing anger at both Hamas and the ongoing conflict that has devastated the region [1][2][3].

The demonstrations, occurring after Israel ended a ceasefire, mark the largest show of public opposition to Hamas since the militant group's October 7, 2023 attack on Israel. Protesters expressed frustration with Hamas while simultaneously criticizing Israel's military response and the international community's handling of the crisis [1].

'The protest was not about politics. It was about people's lives,' said Mohammed Abu Saker, a demonstrator from Beit Hanoun, highlighting the humanitarian focus of the demonstrations [1].

According to Gaza's Health Ministry, the Israeli offensive has resulted in over 50,000 Palestinian deaths, though the proportion of civilian casualties remains unclear. Israel claims to have killed approximately 20,000 militants, but has not provided supporting evidence [1].

Recent polling data from the Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research indicates complex dynamics in public opinion. While Hamas's popularity increased in the West Bank following the October 7 attack, support in Gaza has largely returned to pre-war levels. The group does not command majority support in either territory [2].

Hamas, which has historically suppressed dissent through violent means since taking power in 2007, has not reportedly taken action against the recent protesters. However, Gaza residents report that plainclothes Hamas security personnel continue to patrol the territory [3].

The situation is further complicated by the absence of viable political alternatives. The last Palestinian national elections were held in 2006, and current Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas, age 89, faces low popularity. Meanwhile, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu has rejected any role for the Palestinian Authority in post-war Gaza [1].